This picture shows the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Basically the surgeon creates a tiny stomach and connects part of the small intestine directly to the new stomach.
There are three reasons this increases the potential to lose weight.
1. The tiny stomach doesn't hold much food.
2. A feeling of fullness will be reached very quickly.
3. Less distance traveled through the small intestine means that less of the calories will be absorbed.
In addition, all of the secretions to aid in digestion will still be present as all of the original gastrointestinal structures remain. In other words, if the surgeon just cut out the old stomach and threw it away things wouldn't work as well.
All this is done via laparoscopy with 3 or 4 small incisions.
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